Securing your website with a proper X.509 certificate is essential to ensure encrypted connections (HTTPS), build user trust, and meet modern browser requirements. In this guide, we’ll walk through creating your own Certificate Authority (CA), Read more…
Stack overview Here’s a concise OSI-model overview in Markdown, starting with your incipit and then expanding on each layer: Layer 7: Application The topmost layer, closest to the end-user. Layer 6: Presentation Ensures that data Read more…
Stat Command Overview The stat command displays detailed file or filesystem status information. It’s commonly used by developers and sysadmins to inspect metadata such as permissions, ownership, timestamps, and filesystem-specific attributes. Synopsis Key Options Default Read more…
Understanding lsof and lsof -i What is lsof? lsof (List Open Files) is a versatile command-line utility on UNIX and Linux systems that displays information about files opened by processes. Since UNIX treats many resources Read more…
1. What Is a Cookie? A cookie is a small piece of text data that a web server asks the browser to store and then send back with future requests to the same server. Cookies Read more…
SSH (Secure Shell) tunneling is a technique that lets you securely forward network traffic through an encrypted SSH connection. It’s essentially a way to “pipe” otherwise insecure or restricted traffic through an SSH session, protecting Read more…